TY - JOUR

T1 - 100 ancient genomes show repeated population turnovers in Neolithic Denmark

AU - Allentoft, Morten E.

AU - Sikora, Martin

AU - Fischer, Anders

AU - Sjögren, Karl-Göran

AU - Ingason, Andrés

AU - Macleod, Ruairidh

AU - Rosengren, Anders

AU - Schulz Paulsson, Bettina

AU - Jørkov, Marie Louise Schjellerup

AU - Novosolov, Maria

AU - Stenderup, Jesper

AU - Price, T. Douglas

AU - Mortensen, Morten Fischer

AU - Nielsen, Anne Birgitte

AU - Hede, Mikkel Ulfeldt

AU - Sørensen, Lasse

AU - Nielsen, Poul Otto

AU - Rasmussen, Peter

AU - Jensen, Theis Zetner Trolle

AU - Refoyo-Martínez, Alba

AU - Irving-Pease, Evan K.

AU - Barrie, William

AU - Pearson, Alice

AU - Sousa da Mota, Bárbara

AU - Demeter, Fabrice

AU - Henriksen, Rasmus A.

AU - Vimala, Tharsika

AU - McColl, Hugh

AU - Vaughn, Andrew

AU - Vinner, Lasse

AU - Renaud, Gabriel

AU - Stern, Aaron

AU - Johannsen, Niels Nørkjær

AU - Ramsøe, Abigail Daisy

AU - Schork, Andrew Joseph

AU - Ruter, Anthony

AU - Gotfredsen, Anne Birgitte

AU - Nielsen, Bjarne Henning

AU - Petersen, Erik Brinch

AU - Kannegaard, Esben

AU - Hansen, Jesper

AU - Pedersen, Kristoffer Buck

AU - Pedersen, Lisbeth

AU - Klassen, Lutz

AU - Meldgaard, Morten

AU - Johansen, Morten

AU - Uldum, Otto Christian

AU - Lotz, Per

AU - Lysdahl, Per

AU - Bangsgaard, Pernille

AU - Petersen, Peter Vang

AU - Maring, Rikke

AU - Iversen, Rune

AU - Wåhlin, Sidsel

AU - Sørensen, Søren Anker

AU - Andersen, Søren H.

AU - Jørgensen, Thomas

AU - Lynnerup, Niels

AU - Lawson, Daniel J.

AU - Rasmussen, Simon

AU - Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand

AU - Kjær, Kurt H.

AU - Durbin, Richard

AU - Nielsen, Rasmus

AU - Delaneau, Olivier

AU - Werge, Thomas

AU - Kristiansen, Kristian

AU - Willerslev, Eske

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2024, The Author(s).

PY - 2024

Y1 - 2024

N2 - Major migration events in Holocene Eurasia have been characterized genetically at broad regional scales1–4. However, insights into the population dynamics in the contact zones are hampered by a lack of ancient genomic data sampled at high spatiotemporal resolution5–7. Here, to address this, we analysed shotgun-sequenced genomes from 100 skeletons spanning 7,300 years of the Mesolithic period, Neolithic period and Early Bronze Age in Denmark and integrated these with proxies for diet (13C and 15N content), mobility (87Sr/86Sr ratio) and vegetation cover (pollen). We observe that Danish Mesolithic individuals of the Maglemose, Kongemose and Ertebølle cultures form a distinct genetic cluster related to other Western European hunter-gatherers. Despite shifts in material culture they displayed genetic homogeneity from around 10,500 to 5,900 calibrated years before present, when Neolithic farmers with Anatolian-derived ancestry arrived. Although the Neolithic transition was delayed by more than a millennium relative to Central Europe, it was very abrupt and resulted in a population turnover with limited genetic contribution from local hunter-gatherers. The succeeding Neolithic population, associated with the Funnel Beaker culture, persisted for only about 1,000 years before immigrants with eastern Steppe-derived ancestry arrived. This second and equally rapid population replacement gave rise to the Single Grave culture with an ancestry profile more similar to present-day Danes. In our multiproxy dataset, these major demographic events are manifested as parallel shifts in genotype, phenotype, diet and land use.

AB - Major migration events in Holocene Eurasia have been characterized genetically at broad regional scales1–4. However, insights into the population dynamics in the contact zones are hampered by a lack of ancient genomic data sampled at high spatiotemporal resolution5–7. Here, to address this, we analysed shotgun-sequenced genomes from 100 skeletons spanning 7,300 years of the Mesolithic period, Neolithic period and Early Bronze Age in Denmark and integrated these with proxies for diet (13C and 15N content), mobility (87Sr/86Sr ratio) and vegetation cover (pollen). We observe that Danish Mesolithic individuals of the Maglemose, Kongemose and Ertebølle cultures form a distinct genetic cluster related to other Western European hunter-gatherers. Despite shifts in material culture they displayed genetic homogeneity from around 10,500 to 5,900 calibrated years before present, when Neolithic farmers with Anatolian-derived ancestry arrived. Although the Neolithic transition was delayed by more than a millennium relative to Central Europe, it was very abrupt and resulted in a population turnover with limited genetic contribution from local hunter-gatherers. The succeeding Neolithic population, associated with the Funnel Beaker culture, persisted for only about 1,000 years before immigrants with eastern Steppe-derived ancestry arrived. This second and equally rapid population replacement gave rise to the Single Grave culture with an ancestry profile more similar to present-day Danes. In our multiproxy dataset, these major demographic events are manifested as parallel shifts in genotype, phenotype, diet and land use.

U2 - 10.1038/s41586-023-06862-3

DO - 10.1038/s41586-023-06862-3

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 38200294

AN - SCOPUS:85181852344

VL - 625

SP - 329

EP - 337

JO - Nature Genetics

JF - Nature Genetics

SN - 1061-4036

IS - 7994

ER -