TY - JOUR

T1 - The role of exercise in obesity-related cancers: Current evidence and biological mechanisms

AU - Larson, Elisabeth A

AU - Dalamaga, Maria

AU - Magkos, Faidon

N1 - Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

PY - 2023

Y1 - 2023

N2 - Cancer ranks among the five leading causes of death in almost all countries and has important repercussions for individual and public health, the healthcare system and society in general. Obesity increases the incidence of many types of cancer, but growing evidence suggests that physical activity may decrease risk for developing a variety of obesity-related cancer types, and in some cases also, improve cancer prognosis and mortality rates. This review summarizes recent evidence on the effect of physical activity on obesity-related cancer prevention and survival. For some cancers, including breast, colorectal, and endometrial cancer, there is strong evidence for a preventative effect of exercise, but for many others, including gallbladder and kidney cancer, and multiple myeloma, evidence is inconsistent or largely lacking. Though many potential mechanisms have been proposed to explain the onco-protective effect of exercise, including improved insulin sensitivity, alterations in sex hormone availability, improved immune function and inflammation, myokine secretion, and modulation of intracellular signaling at the level of AMP kinase, the exact mechanism(s) of action within each cancer subtype remains poorly defined. Overall, a deeper understanding of how exercise can help against cancer and of the exercise parameters that can be tweaked to optimize exercise prescription is necessary and should be the subject of future investigation.

AB - Cancer ranks among the five leading causes of death in almost all countries and has important repercussions for individual and public health, the healthcare system and society in general. Obesity increases the incidence of many types of cancer, but growing evidence suggests that physical activity may decrease risk for developing a variety of obesity-related cancer types, and in some cases also, improve cancer prognosis and mortality rates. This review summarizes recent evidence on the effect of physical activity on obesity-related cancer prevention and survival. For some cancers, including breast, colorectal, and endometrial cancer, there is strong evidence for a preventative effect of exercise, but for many others, including gallbladder and kidney cancer, and multiple myeloma, evidence is inconsistent or largely lacking. Though many potential mechanisms have been proposed to explain the onco-protective effect of exercise, including improved insulin sensitivity, alterations in sex hormone availability, improved immune function and inflammation, myokine secretion, and modulation of intracellular signaling at the level of AMP kinase, the exact mechanism(s) of action within each cancer subtype remains poorly defined. Overall, a deeper understanding of how exercise can help against cancer and of the exercise parameters that can be tweaked to optimize exercise prescription is necessary and should be the subject of future investigation.

KW - Faculty of Science

KW - Cancer

KW - Obesity

KW - Tumor

KW - Adiposity

KW - Physical activity

U2 - 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.02.008

DO - 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.02.008

M3 - Review

C2 - 36871634

VL - 91

SP - 16

EP - 26

JO - Seminars in Cancer Biology

JF - Seminars in Cancer Biology

SN - 1044-579X

ER -