Polar regions stand out due to the presence of rare and sensitive ecosystems, their vulnerability to climate change and other environmental threats and their importance for Indigenous communities at the regional level and humankind as a whole. The Arctic region is experiencing unexpected issues due to climate change effects. The law of the sea, as a prerequisite for ocean governance, constitutes a solid foundation for establishing appropriate governance in this region to tackle current and future climate change issues. Therefore, the practice of the law of the sea in the region will be explored, and the consideration of the Arctic region’s specificities on this practice will be analysed.